Newspapers

Newspapers

• Codes and Conventions - What makes Newspapers different from other forms of media?
• Newspapers have large fonts (headlines)
• Emphasis on text rather than the image's
• Magazines usually have one large photo with text around it rather than newspapers which have many photos and many different textual connotations. 
• Newspapers already know their audience, and they put trust in the audience knowing the things they're talking about. Assumed knowledge is used and the same in the fashion magazine, with the high end fashion labels, which would be tricky to know if you weren't high end or understood this fashion magazine. 

Key Terms and Definitions

• Masthead
• Title of a newspaper.

• Barcode
• Used to scan the newspaper when purchasing, holds information such as the price.

• Caption
• Brief text underneath an image describing the image.

• Headline
• Phrase that summarises main point of article. 

• Main Image (Splash)
• Dominant picture on main cover.

• Page Numbers
• System of organisation within the magazine so the audience knows where to find everything.

• Target Audience
• People who the newspaper aims to sell to.

• Pull Quote
• Something taken from within an article, usually said by someone on the front page.

• Classified Ad
• An advertisement which only uses text.

• Skyline
• An informational panel on the front page to tempt the audience inside.

• Edition
• Some newspapers print several of these every night, these are versions with some changes and may be additional late stories.

• Stand First
• Block of text that introduces the story.

• Byline
• The line above the story, gives the authors name and sometimes their job and location.

• Body Text
• Also known as a copy. Written material that makes up the main part of an article.

• Standalone
• Picture story that can exist on its own.

• Centre Spread
• A photograph which runs across the middle two pages.

• Lead Story
• Main Story, Usually a splash.

• Gutter
• Blank space between margins of facing pages of a publication or the blank space between columns of text.

• Folio
• Top label for the whole page.

• Page Furniture
• Everything on a page except pictures or text of stories.

• Sell Line
• Something that promises something inside and suggests value, that you're getting more for your money.

Key Theory's Recap

• Claude Levi Strauss - Structuralism
• Binary Oppositions - Where two concepts, messages or values are presented in direct opposition with one another. Levi-Strauss suggested that our perception of the world is based on binary oppositions.
  
  
  
• Binary Oppositions are an element of narrative, as they can quickly tell a story, and establish characters and archetypes.

• Roland Barthes - Semiotics
• Symbolic Code
• A deeper meaning within a certain text.

• Proairetic Code
• Also known as action codes, these refer to something within a media product that suggests that something will happen. 

• Hermeneutic Code
• Also known as the enigma codes, these refer to something within the media product that creates mystery and suspense. 

Deconstructing Newspapers

Introduction To The Film Industry

Introduction To The Film Industry

The purpose of a media product is purely to make money because if it didn't make money then the media products can't exist. Its also to entertain people but only because they want money. Media products can also enrich our lives. Media Products can also exist to influence the ideologies of the audience, but it all comes down to money, we need to be cynical when thinking about it.

Interesting facts on the birth of film;

• First film was to settle a scientific debate, made by Eadweard Muybridge in1878.
• Films in the 1890's were under a minute long.
• Sound wasn't introduced until 1927, the first film with sound was the Jazz Singer.
• Music was usually played live.
• The first film studio was built in 1987.
• Most early films and productions were ran by women as it was seen as a women's job, as its like arts and crafts, then it became profitable so men started getting involved it and now it is a pretty male dominated career.

• Classical Hollywood Narrative

• Spacial Continuity
• The audience always knows where they are at any time

• Temporal Continuity
• The audience always knows in what order the events have transpired, and any flashbacks and so forth will be clearly signposted.

• Realistic 
• Must be realistic and must not make reference to other filmic or popular texts.

• Ultimately, barring any deliberate enigmas, the spectator should be aware what is happening at all times, and should leave the cinema satisfied with the conclusion, and there should be no doubt as to the ideology or message of the film.

Key Words;

• Studio System
• 
  
• Distribution
• Getting the product out there.

• Conglomeration
• 
  
• Vertical/Horizontal Integration
• 
  
• Production 
• Making a media product.

• Regulation
• Rules and Restrictions followed by media products.

• Digital Technologies
• Technologies made possible through computers. 
• Computer, Camera, 

• Convergence
• Where two separate media industries come together
• Eg. Music Video (Film and Music)

• Exhibition
• The showing of media products
• In a cinema or through a TV, Youtube.

More digital technology has changed the way we watch films, we can get access to films online for free, you can also download films and watch them without wifi onto your phone, same with music. 

Key Theory - The Cultural Industries - David Hesmondhalgh

• Horizontal Integration 
• Where a company buys "other companies in the same sector to reduce the competition for audiences"
• Eg. Disney bought Star Wars and Lucas Film, bought them for the money and a wider range of audience. 
• Disney also bought Marvel.
• Vertical Integration
• Where a company buys "up other companies involved in different stages of the production and circulation" 
• Completely Anti-Competition, new productions wouldn't be able to get shown in any cinemas. 
• Conglomeration
• A conglomerate is a corporation that consists of a group of businesses dealing in different products or services.
• Conglomeration is the process of a conglomerate being formed.
• Disney owns many different industries, Toys, Films, Video Games, Clothes, Theme Parks, TV, Record Labels. 

• Universal are distributions and Legendary produce the films, so theres a relationship between the two industries.

• Universal Studio's Facts
• Founded in 30th April 1912 in California US
• Have a Theme Park
• Florida theme park opened on 7th June 1990
• Jurassic World is the highest grossing film Universal have released

Key Theory - Power and Media Industries - Curran and Seaton

• The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power.
• Media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality
• More socially diverse patterns of ownership can create more varied and adventurous media productions.